本项目从2023.1.8晚开始
THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF OLIGARCHICAL COLLECTIVISM
寡头政治集体主义的理论和实践
（基本都是这样翻译，也没有必要画蛇添足）
by Emmanuel Goldstein
埃曼纽尔·戈斯坦
（这里直接用舒新的翻译，三个字简练，比较上口，看了一个译本，翻译的很长，不好）
第一章 无知即力量
第一段
Throughout recorded time, and probably since the end of the Neolithic Age, there have been three kinds of people in the world, the High, the Middle, and the Low.
观诸人类已有记录的历史，大概从新石器时代，世界上就有三等人，上等、中等和下等人。
（在原句中，有probably一词，但是舒新的版本没有翻译。原句是three kinds，感觉可以翻译成三等人）
They have been subdivided in many ways, they have borne countless different names, and their relative numbers, as well as their attitude towards one another, have varied from age to age: but the essential structure of society has never altered.
它们又可以细分成很多种人，称谓、相对人数以及他们彼此之间的态度随着时代变迁而变化。但究其社会基本结构，从来没有发生改变。
（第二句我觉得翻译的很好了，简洁了，对比舒新的，“每种人的相对人数，以及此一种人对彼一种人的态度”好多了觉得）
Even after enormous upheavals and seemingly irrevocable changes, the same pattern has always reasserted itself, just as a gyroscope will always return to equilibrium, however far it is pushed one way or the other.
即便在社会巨大变革之后，一切看似不可逆转，可基本的社会结构，却从未发生改变。就像一个陀螺仪，无论怎样推它，它终将归于平衡。
（这几句舒新的版本很好，尤其是“终将归于平衡”我直接引用了）
第二段
The aims of these groups are entirely irreconcilable…
这三等人的欲望（矛盾）根本不可调和……
（这里舒新把aims，目标翻译成矛盾，另一个直接使用目标二字，我倒是觉得欲望挺好的。而且原版entirely根本修饰的是irreconcilable不可调和，而舒新把根本放到了aims前边翻译成“根本矛盾”）
第三段
The aim of the High is to remain where they are. The aim of the Middle is to change places with the High. The aim of the Low, when they have an aim—for it is an abiding characteristic of the Low that they are too much crushed by drudgery to be more than intermittently conscious of anything outside their daily lives—is to abolish all distinctions and create a society in which all men shall be equal.
上等人为维持他们的社会地位而奋斗。中等人为取代上等人而努力。下等人他们的目标，是废除一切差别，创造一个人人平等的社会——因为下等人一个始终的特点(?)是，被苦役压得喘不过气来，基本无暇顾及生计以外的事情。
（这一段最后一句极其恶心，非常非常非常长的句子，根本捋不清。有一句intermittently conscious of anything outside their daily lives直译应该是“间歇的意识到一些？日常生活以外的事情”我把日常生活翻译成生计em感觉有点偏差，算是个意译吧这一句。）
Thus throughout history a struggle which is the same in its main outlines recurs over and over again. For long periods the High seem to be securely in power, but sooner or later there always comes a moment when they lose either their belief in themselves or their capacity to govern efficiently, or both.
因此纵观历史的阶级斗争大都以相同的轨迹周而复始的发生(?)。长久以来，上等人似乎在权利掌控上(?)高枕无忧，但迟早他们会丧失信仰，或丧失能有效的统治的能力，或是二者兼之。
（这一段难翻译的事struggle斗争、搏斗和recurs循环、复发。感觉斗争发生很淡，也不明了，就用阶级斗争了。在舒新的版本中将“the High seem to be securely in power”翻译位“上等人乐享权利，高枕无忧”感觉高枕无忧翻译的很好，直接用了，因为原文有seem加上了。最后一句“或是二者兼之”很好，我想到或者，但是不顺口。另个版本翻译的很不好……我想大抵不是孙仲旭的版本吧……跟机翻一样生硬）
They are then overthrown by the Middle, who enlist the Low on their side by pretending to them that they are fighting for liberty and justice. As soon as they have reached their objective, the Middle thrust the Low back into their old position of servitude, and themselves become the High. Presently a new Middle group splits off from one of the other groups, or from both of them, and the struggle begins over again.
上等人会被中等人所推翻，中等人精于煽动下等人，争取下等人到他们的一边(?)，并标榜自由平等，却行阴谋窃权。一旦中等人达到目的，就把下等人重新踢回他们被奴役的深渊。不久，一个新的中等阶级，从上等人或下等人阶层或者是其两者兼有，分化出来，新一轮的夺权斗争于是又开始反复了。
（这段我觉得舒新翻译的很好，“以自由平等之名，行阴谋窃权之实”，“踢回”，“被奴役的深渊”“分化”翻译的都很棒就不画蛇添足了）
Of the three groups, only the Low are never even temporarily successful in achieving their aims. It would be an exaggeration to say that throughout history there has been no progress of a material kind. Even today, in a period of decline, the average human being is physically better off than he was a few centuries ago. But no advance in wealth, no softening of manners, no reform or revolution has ever brought human equality a millimetre nearer. From the point of view of the Low, no historic change has ever meant much more than a change in the name of their masters.
这三个阶层，只有下等人始终没有实现过自己的目标，哪怕是短暂的成功也好。因此，如果断言，历史中绝对找不到下等人物质生活的改善痕迹，这话不免言之过甚。即便是在物质生活水平急剧下降的今日，普通民众的生活水平也远远好过几个世纪前。但是财富的增长、缓和的矛盾、改革或是革命，都没有带动人人平等的理念向前迈进半步。由下等人的角度观之，没有什么历史性的改变胜过当权者名字的改变(???)。
（这段整体前边很好，甚至感觉原版讲的有些不清晰，舒新的版本很明了，原版没有太多的“物质水平”、“生活水平”导致不明所以，舒新翻译的很好。但最后一句我非常疑惑，疑惑在这一段这么多no是什么意思，historic历史性的，much more多得多，masters当权者。我翻译不通，不过夜深了，2023年1月11日00:47:53了，这一段算完了，最后一句会看看）
